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Semiconductor History | 844 East Charleston Road, 19 April 1965 — A Cost Curve Becomes Moore’s Law
· 1965-4
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Semiconductor History | 844 East Charleston Road, 19 April 1965 — A Cost Curve Becomes Moore’s Law
kevin
4/19/1965
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On 19 April 1965, *Electronics* published Gordon Moore’s article “Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits.” Moore was then Fairchild Semiconductor’s research and development director, and the pin marks his company workplace at 844 East Charleston Road rather than the magazine’s editorial office or a documented writing room.
Moore plotted the number of components in the most economical integrated circuits and observed that it had roughly doubled each year. Looking ten years ahead, he projected about 65,000 components on a single chip by 1975 and argued that falling cost per component would spread electronics into homes, communications, and computation.
The good was not merely predictive accuracy. By connecting density to manufacturing economics, the article gave chipmakers, equipment suppliers, and computer designers a common expectation: invest now because more capable circuits should become cheaper per function.
That expectation became a planning instrument after Moore co-founded Intel in 1968. In 1975 he revised the long-term pace to approximately one doubling every two years, yet “Moore’s Law” grew into a durable shorthand for coordinated improvements in lithography, device design, factories, and product architecture.
The bad lies partly in the word “law.” It was an empirical forecast about cost-effective integration, not a physical commandment, and treating it as inevitable could obscure the capital spending, engineering labor, environmental burden, and design complexity required to keep the curve moving.
The slogan was also simplified in retelling. Moore did not write in 1965 that transistor counts would double every eighteen months; that familiar interval is a later popular formulation and should not be placed in his original article.
As scaling slowed and leading-edge fabs became vastly more expensive, the industry increasingly relied on chiplets, advanced packaging, specialized accelerators, and three-dimensional integration to continue improving systems. The law’s power was therefore also its danger: a successful coordination story could be mistaken for an automatic property of nature.
The cover portrait was taken in 1978, thirteen years after the article, and is not a reconstruction of Moore at Fairchild. It represents the engineer whose cost curve became both the semiconductor industry’s most productive roadmap and one of its most demanding expectations.
Photo: Intel Free Press, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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